Diffuse Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma, or DMM, is a rare but highly aggressive type of cancer. It occurs in the thin layer of tissue, the pleura, lining the chest cavity and lungs. Once diagnosed with DMM, most patients do not survive beyond one year. This cancer is more common in men than in women, and in older people.
Diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma, or DMM, is a rare but highly aggressive type of cancer. It occurs in the thin layer of tissue, the pleura, lining the chest cavity and lungs. Once diagnosed with DMM, most patients do not survive beyond one year. This cancer is more common in men than in women, and in older people.
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| Photo credit: nature.com |
Most people with DMM have a history of exposure to asbestos;
however, if they are not aware that such exposure occurred, they may be unaware
that they are at risk. A patient with DMM typically has one or more of the
following signs and symptoms: chest pain, shortness of breath, unexplained
weight loss, fatigue, fever, or a cough. An x-ray usually shows that the
pleural tissue around the lungs has thickened due to the development of a
number of nodules or small cancerous growths. Sometimes, there may be a single
large growth. When a biopsy of the cancer tissue is done, the types of cells
that make up the cancer may be epithelioid, mixed, or sarcomatoid. People with
epithelioid cell cancers tend to survive somewhat longer; those with
sarcomatoid cancers usually have the shortest survival.
DMM is always treated as aggressively as possible. The type of
treatment depends on the dominant cell type the cancer is made of, the extent
of spread of the cancer, and the overall health of the person undergoing
treatment. Surgery is a preferred option where the bulk of the cancer can be
removed. Many anti-cancer drugs are being tried to treat DMM, with varying
levels of short-term success. Radiotherapy may also be an option. A number of
clinical trials are currently underway to try and find a treatment that may
improve the outlook for DMM patients. However, only seven percent of people
with DMM survive beyond five years.
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